STF determina desapropriação de terras com desmatamento e incêndios ilegais
O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), por meio do ministro Flávio Dino, determinou que a União e os estados devem realizar a desapropriação de imóveis rurais onde ocorreram incêndios criminosos ou desmatamento ilegal, desde que a responsabilidade dos proprietários sobre os crimes esteja comprovada.
O entendimento do STF é que a Constituição permite a desapropriação de terras que não cumprem sua função social, com o devido pagamento de indenização. No entanto, a ausência de preservação do meio ambiente, como no caso de crimes ambientais, justifica a desapropriação sem que haja a necessidade de uma regularização fundiária, como é o caso das propriedades responsáveis por incêndios dolosos ou desmatamento ilegal.
Combate ao desmatamento
Flávio Dino, em sua decisão, destacou que a medida visa combater a repetição de crimes ambientais e propôs uma ação direta do governo federal e dos estados para garantir que os responsáveis sejam punidos e as áreas restauradas. “Não é razoável que, ano após ano, bilhões de reais de dinheiro público sejam gastos combatendo incêndios dolosos e desmatamentos claramente ilegais. Com este ciclo perpétuo, pune-se duplamente a sociedade”, afirmou o ministro.
A decisão também proíbe a regularização fundiária de propriedades que praticam ilícitos ambientais, além de impedir que os responsáveis recebam indenizações por suas ações criminosas.
Preservação da Amazônia e Pantanal
Além disso, em 2024, o STF já havia cobrado do governo federal o cumprimento de metas mais rígidas de combate ao desmatamento na Amazônia, no âmbito da quinta fase do Plano de Ação para Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento na Amazônia (PPCDAm), e estabelecido medidas adicionais de combate às queimadas.
O caso chegou ao STF em 2020, quando partidos políticos questionaram o ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro (PL) sobre a ineficácia das políticas de combate ao desmatamento. A decisão atual do STF visa reforçar a responsabilidade ambiental e dar um novo direcionamento para as políticas públicas relacionadas à preservação de biomas essenciais como a Amazônia e o Pantanal.
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(Foco de incêndio próximo a rodovia presidente Castelo Branco)
![An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
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An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Incêndio em São Carlos na sexta-feira, 23)
![An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
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An area affected by bushfires is pictured near the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 23, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(É a maior quantidade de incêndios num mês desde o início da série histórica, em 1998)
![Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
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Firefighters battle a fire at the SP-215 highway in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Governo do Estado de São Paulo vai destinar R$ 10 milhões para combate aos incêndios)
![Firefighters spray water on a farm affected by bushfires in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "Firefighters spray water on a farm affected by bushfires in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
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Firefighters spray water on a farm affected by bushfires in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Bombeiros tentam apagar o fogo em São Carlos (SP))
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(Nesta sexta-feira, São Paulo registrou 1.886 focos de incêndios)
![A tree burnt by bushfires is pictured in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)]( "A tree burnt by bushfires is pictured in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)")
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A tree burnt by bushfires is pictured in Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo state, Brazil on August 24, 2024. Forest fires in southeastern Brazil prompted a maximum alert to be declared on August 23, in around 30 cities in the state of Sao Paulo, where the fire blocked roads and smoke reached the capital Sao Paulo, according to local authorities. (Photo by Lourival Izaque / AFP)
(Estado de São Paulo representou 38% de todas as queimadas do país em agosto)
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(Foco de incêndio próximo a rodovia presidente Castelo Branco)
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